The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs that are situated
towards the back of the abdominal cavity, just above your waist. A trick to
find them is to place your hands on your hips. Your kidneys are just below
where your thumbs are located. Kidneys are bigger than most people realize.
They are the size of your fists. On the other hand, for computer freaks, they
are about the size of a conventional computer mouse. Of course, this size
varies between individuals, so the range is 10 to 13 cm (4 to 5 inches) long
and about 5 to 7.5 cm (2 to 3 inches) wide and about 3 cm (1 ¼ inches) deep. A kidney
weighs approximately 150 grams (5.28 ounces). The key role of the kidneys is to
filter the blood by recognising (through special sensors) imbalances within the
blood and determining what stays and what does not.
The kidneys are key components to one’s health, unlike some
other organs that we can still survive without (e.g. the gallbladder and
spleen). The kidneys are absolutely crucial for our survival and overall
health, yet they are probably our most ignored organ. Kidneys provide the
following functions and benefits for our body.
Remove - As a generalisation, the kidneys are your body’s
‘removal’ tool. They act as a filter to remove harmful substances such as
metabolic by-products, hormones, drugs, toxins, and water from the body via the
blood. Once filtered, the resulting urine is taken via the ureters (thin tubes)
and collected in the bladder, ready for urination.
Regulate - Regulation is the way the body keeps itself in
balance. With all the external and internal changes (e.g. foods, beverage consumption,
external heat and cold, internal metabolic processes, drugs, etc.) that are
being applied to the body, it needs to keep itself in balance (aka
homeostasis). One of the ways in which the kidneys do this is by regulating the
natural balance of chemicals (e.g. water, amino acids, glucose, fatty acids,
salt, potassium, phosphorus, acid, and many other components) within the blood
to cope with the varying demands and stressors. The kidneys separate what is
necessary and what is not necessary to best aid the body.
If this intricate balance is disturbed in any way – if the
body is unable to self-adjust and regulate the changes – a disease process will
initiate. The body is very particular about its blood composition; there it is
not a large window for fluctuation. The body analyses and detects its status
with mind-blowing accuracy. If anything is even just a smidgen out, the body
will get the kidneys to clear it out, kind of like a bouncer at a dance club.
The bouncer allows a certain number of people in, and a certain type of people
in. If the body (bouncer) is not happy with someone in the dance club… you
guessed it… they get booted out.
Regulation occurs on many levels:
Blood pH
Electrolytes
Blood pressure
Excretion of wastes and toxins
Reabsorption of glucose and
amino acids
Make - Did you know the kidneys also produce four hormones
and a nutrient? Well, they do. One such hormone is erythropoietin (aka EPO),
which stimulates the bone marrow to make oxygen-carrying red blood cells.
Vitamin D, which is involved in the absorption of calcium in the intestines, is
also produced in its most active form, Calcitriol. You will also find
anti-diuretic hormone, Renin and Aldosterone, being produced by the kidneys.
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